Building on the foundational knowledge learned in Basic Principles of Anesthesia I, this course delves into critical aspects of anesthesiology practice. Students begin to explore the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its implications for anesthesia. The course emphasizes thorough preoperative assessments, fluid and blood component management, infection control practices, and the impact of proper surgical positioning on patient outcomes. Students learn to interpret diagnostic exams and lab tests, which are essential for informed anesthetic decision-making and patient safety. Through theoretical learning and practical application, students further refine the basic skills necessary for safe anesthetic practice.