Information and Policies
Introduction
The general biology bachelor of arts major permits flexibility, but demands careful attention to a student’s own interests and plans. Each student should select courses on the basis of up-to-date information in consultation with an Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) Department advisor or faculty advisor whose interests reflect the student’s interests. A hallmark of the major is the many field courses that introduce students to a diversity of ecosystems and the skills to conduct field research. See the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology undergraduate webpage for more information on these courses.
Program Learning Outcomes
The undergraduate curriculum offered by the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) is designed to ensure that all students declared in any EEB sponsored major will achieve the following seven program learning outcomes.
- Students will demonstrate broad-based knowledge of the fundamentals of ecology, behavior, evolution and physiology and the relationships among these disciplines.
- Students will demonstrate skills in the observation and experimental study of organisms, using both field-based and laboratory-based approaches.
- Students will demonstrate skills in identifying, accessing, comprehending and synthesizing scientific information, including interpretation of the primary scientific literature. This includes understanding key questions and hypotheses, interpreting results and conclusions, and evaluating quality through critique.
- Students will demonstrate the ability to conceive and execute independent scientific research, including developing their own questions and hypotheses, designing an appropriate theoretical or empirical/experimental approach, executing that approach, and analyzing and interpreting data.
- Students will demonstrate an ability to understand and apply fundamental quantitative skills, including models and statistical analyses, so as to properly interpret published research and apply such skills in their own research.
- Students will demonstrate the ability to communicate scientific work, such as a scientific paper, proposal, essay, or notebook, in written, oral or poster format.
- Students will exhibit strong teamwork and problem-solving skills. They will demonstrate the ability to make arguments from evidence and work together to find optimal solutions.
Academic Advising for the Program
Academic advising is available at the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) undergraduate advising office located in the Coastal Biology Building on the University of California, Santa Cruz Coastal Science Campus, and via email at eebadvising@ucsc.edu. The undergraduate webpages contain advice and information pertinent to students’ most frequently voiced questions. Each student should review the information posted on the website; for further assistance, contact an EEB undergraduate advisor at eebadvising@ucsc.edu. Transfer students should also review the Transfer Information and Policy Section.
Getting Started in the Major: Frosh
Prerequisites
The introductory biology sequence is prerequisite to virtually all upper-division biology courses. BIOL 20A (offered by the Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology Department) has a prerequisite of CHEM 3A or 4A. Therefore, it is essential for students to start chemistry as soon as possible. Students who have not taken CHEM 3A or 4A may begin the introductory sequence with BIOE 20C. The entire introductory biology sequence should be taken the first and second year, concurrently with or following the general chemistry sequence. We also strongly recommend completing the lower-division physics requirements early in your academic career.
An online mathematics placement is required to enroll in a mathematics course. Students are expected to take this examination and are encouraged to work in the learning modules to place into the appropriate math course. For more information see the mathematics placement website.
Advanced placement (AP) course equivalencies can be used to fulfill prerequisites.
Transfer Information and Policy
Transfer Admission Screening Policy
The following courses or their equivalents are required prior to transfer, by the end of the spring term for students planning to enter in the fall.
| BIOL 20A | Cell and Molecular Biology | 5 |
| BIOE 20B | Development and Physiology | 5 |
| BIOE 20C | Ecology and Evolution | 5 |
| | AND | |
| | Either these courses | |
| CHEM 3A | General Chemistry | 5 |
| CHEM 3B | General Chemistry | 3 |
| | or this course | |
| CHEM 4A | Advanced General Chemistry: Molecular Structure and Reactivity | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| CHEM 1A | General Chemistry | 5 |
| CHEM 1B | General Chemistry | 5 |
A C or above must be earned in all major screening courses.
More information on qualifying for the major as a transfer applicant is available on the EEB transfer student Getting Started webpage.
Getting Started in the Major: Transfer Students
Transfer students who satisfy the major screening requirements may declare the major at any time after matriculation only after their official transcripts have been posted to their MyUCSC student portal by the UC Santa Cruz Office of Admissions.
Beginning in late June and early July (for fall transfer students) EEB Advising will review admitted students' reported transfer course work and determine how it applies to their major's requirements.
EEB Advising will contact admitted students via email. The email will include information on how students' transfer coursework fulfills major requirements. We will suggest courses for students' fall enrollment, and invite you to make an appointment to talk with EEB Undergraduate Advising or direct questions to eebadvising@ucsc.edu. Transfer students may also expect to receive regular email messages from EEB Advising in June, July, and August with additional information about the major.
Major Qualification Policy and Declaration Process
Major Qualification
All courses must be taken for a letter grade. The following qualification courses, or their equivalents, must be completed with a grade of C (2.0) or better:
All of the following courses:
| BIOL 20A | Cell and Molecular Biology | 5 |
| BIOE 20B | Development and Physiology | 5 |
| BIOE 20C | Ecology and Evolution | 5 |
| | AND | |
| | Either these courses | |
| CHEM 3A | General Chemistry | 5 |
| CHEM 3B | General Chemistry | 3 |
| | or these courses | |
| CHEM 4A | Advanced General Chemistry: Molecular Structure and Reactivity | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| CHEM 1A | General Chemistry | 5 |
| CHEM 1B | General Chemistry | 5 |
Students with one grade of NP, C-, D+, D, D-, or F in one of the qualification courses are eligible to declare after successfully repeating the same or an equivalent course with a grade of C (2.0) or better.
Students with two or more grades of NP, C-, D+, D, D-, or F in the qualification courses are not eligible to declare.
Students with AP credit for any of the qualification course(s) are eligible to declare after successfully completing the remaining qualification courses.
Consult with an EEB undergraduate advisor when requesting to declare the major after the campus declaration deadline. Transfer students should also review the Transfer Information and Policy Section. For information on qualifying for the environmental studies/biology combined major, please see Environmental Studies in this catalog.
Appeal Process
Students who are not eligible to declare the major may appeal this decision after they have successfully completed the qualification courses by submitting an appeal letter to EEB undergraduate advising. Within 15 business days of receipt of the appeal, the department will notify the student and college of the decision. For more information about the appeal process, see the appeal process website.
How to Declare a Major
Students may log into MyUCSC and submit the Petition for Major/Minor via MyUCSC as soon as they have completed the EEB major qualification requirements and/or reached their declaration deadline quarter, whichever comes first. The department will declare the student's major, deny the student admission to the major, or set conditions for admission (provided the conditions may be met within no more than one quarter of enrollment) based on the student's qualification to declare at the time the major declaration petition is received. Information on major declaration can be found here. Additional questions may be directed to eebadvising@ucsc.edu.
Letter Grade Policy
All courses used to satisfy any major requirement must be taken for a letter grade.
Course Substitution Policy
To discuss the process for a course substitution, contact an EEB undergraduate advisor.
At least half of the upper-division courses (numbered BIOE 100–BIOE 179) required for each major must be taken in EEB at UC Santa Cruz not as transfer credits from another department or institution.
Transfer students are advised to contact an EEB undergraduate advisor before enrolling in numerous upper-division courses at other institutions. For more information on transferring courses to UC Santa Cruz, please consult the Transfer Coursework website. Additional information for transfer students is provided above in the “Transfer Students” section.
Only one upper-division course requirement may be met with a research-based independent study or graduate-level UC Santa Cruz biology course.
Double Majors and Major/Minor Combinations Policy
Students interested in pursuing multiple majors within the biological sciences may NOT declare the following combination of majors:
- Biology B.A. and any other major or minor sponsored by EEB and MCD Biology.
- Any combination of two EEB majors: Ecology & Evolution B.S., Marine Biology B.S., and Plant Sciences B.S., or the Environmental Studies/Biology combined B.A.
Should a student choose to double major, they must qualify for and complete the disciplinary communication and comprehensive requirements for each of the majors.
Students pursuing an EEB sponsored major may not declare a biology minor.
Study Abroad
The UC Education Abroad Program (UCEAP) offers qualified students unique opportunities to broaden their educational horizons. The EEB Department encourages interested students to participate. It is possible to satisfy major requirements abroad and graduate on time; consult with an EEB undergraduate advisor early in the planning process.
Many programs are in English-speaking countries or use English for advanced courses. Many programs offer small classes, extensive laboratories, and/or field research experience.
There are excellent programs in Costa Rica, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Germany, among others. The Costa Rica Tropical Biology Program is of note to students interested in tropical biology and ecology. Held spring and fall quarters at the Monteverde research station, this program gives students experience with hands-on field research and offers a homestay program. The University of Queensland (Australia) offers an intensive, full-semester marine science program, which includes stays at research stations on the Great Barrier Reef and in sheltered mangrove and seagrass habitats near Brisbane.
Students interested in study abroad need to get an early start on their introductory requirements, including chemistry, mathematics, and biology and must declare their major prior to going abroad. Visit the UCEAP office as soon as possible to begin planning and seek advice and approval for your UCEAP plan from an EEB undergraduate advisor prior to participation in UCEAP.
Honors
Honors in the biological sciences majors are awarded to graduating students whose academic performance demonstrates excellence at a grade point average (GPA) of 3.5 or above. Highest honors are awarded to those students whose performance demonstrates the highest level of excellence and results in a GPA of 3.8 or above.
Requirements and Planners
Course Requirements
Lower-Division Courses
Introductory Biology:
General Chemistry:
Choose one of the following options:
| | Either these courses | |
| CHEM 3A | General Chemistry | 5 |
| CHEM 3B | General Chemistry | 3 |
| CHEM 3BL | General Chemistry Lab | 2 |
| | or these courses | |
| CHEM 4A | Advanced General Chemistry: Molecular Structure and Reactivity | 5 |
| CHEM 4AL | Advanced General Chemistry Lab | 2 |
| | or these courses | |
| CHEM 1A | General Chemistry | 5 |
| CHEM 1B | General Chemistry | 5 |
Statistics:
Choose one of the following options:
| | Either this course | |
| STAT 5 | Statistics | 5 |
| | or these courses | |
| STAT 7 | Statistical Methods for the Biological, Environmental, and Health Sciences | 5 |
| STAT 7L | Statistical Methods for the Biological, Environmental, and Health Sciences Laboratory | 2 |
Physics:
Choose one of the following options. Enrollment in PHYS 6A requires concurrent enrollment in the PHYS 6L laboratory.
| | One of these courses | |
| PHYS 1A | Physics for Everyone | 5 |
| PHYS 1B | Physics for Everyone | 5 |
| PHYS 6A | Introductory Physics I | 5 |
Upper-Division Courses
A total of eight upper-division biology courses, including electives, as follows:
Three core courses:
One of the following anatomy or physiology courses:
Note: Lecture/lab combinations count as a single course.
BIOE 131 & BIOE 131L, BIOL 130 & BIOL 130L: Laboratory optional
Electives
Four additional electives chosen from BIOE courses numbered 100-179 or the following courses:
Note: Lecture/lab combinations count as a single course.
Some of these electives may have prerequisites that do not satisfy major or minor requirements.
Disciplinary Communication (DC) Requirement
Students of every major must satisfy that major's upper-division disciplinary communication (DC) requirement. The DC requirement for the biology bachelor of arts degree is satisfied by completing two of the following Ecology and Evolutionary Biology courses:
Note: Lecture and 2-credit lab combinations count as a single course. BIOE 117 and BIOE 137 require concurrent enrollment in 2-credit labs, BIOE 117L and BIOE 137L, but these are not part of the DC requirement.
BIOE 125 can satisfy the DC requirement if taken spring 2023 or later.
NRS/BIOL 188, California Ecology and Conservation course, taken spring 2023 or later, can also satisfy 1/2 DC credit.
Comprehensive Requirement
All majors in the biological sciences require completion of a comprehensive requirement. This requirement can be satisfied in one of the following ways:
- receiving a passing grade in an independent research course, or field/laboratory course listed below;
- completing a senior thesis;
- achieving a graduate record examination (GRE) score at or above the 50th percentile on the biology subject test or the biochemistry, cell, and molecular biology subject test. Reports of GRE scores must be submitted to the EEB undergraduate advising office before the last day of the graduating quarter;
- obtaining a medical college admission test (MCAT) score at or above the 50th percentile on the biological sciences section. Reports of MCAT scores must be submitted to the EEB undergraduate advising office before the last day of the graduating quarter.
Comprehensive courses offered by Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
| BIOE 112L | Ornithology Field Studies | 2 |
| BIOE 114L | Field Methods in Herpetological Research | 2 |
| BIOE 117L | Systematic Botany of Flowering Plants Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 120L | Marine Botany Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 122L | Invertebrate Zoology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 124L | Mammalogy Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 127L | Ichthyology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 128L | Large Marine Vertebrates Field Course | 7 |
| BIOE 129L | Biology of Marine Mammals Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 131L | Animal Physiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 133L | Exercise Physiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 134L | Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 135L | Plant Physiology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 137L | Molecular Ecology Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 141L | Behavioral Ecology Field Course | 5 |
| BIOE 142L | Animal Behavior in the Wild (A Virtual Field Course) | 5 |
| BIOE 145L | Field Methods in Plant Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 150L | Ecological Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 151A
/ENVS 109A
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods | 5 |
| BIOE 151B
/ENVS 109B
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Ecological Field Methods Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 151C
/ENVS 109C
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Functions and Processes of Terrestrial Ecosystems | 5 |
| BIOE 151D
/ENVS 109D
| Ecology and Conservation in Practice Supercourse: Conservation in Practice | 4 |
| BIOE 153A | Introduction to Arctic Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 153B | Arctic Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 153C | Disciplinary Communication for Biologists | 5 |
| BIOE 155L | Freshwater Ecology Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 158L | Field Methods in Marine Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 159A | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Marine Ecology with Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 159B | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Ichthyology with Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 159C | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Methods in Field Ecology | 5 |
| BIOE 159D | Marine Ecology Field Quarter: Methods in Field Ecology Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 161L | Kelp Forest Ecology Laboratory | 5 |
| BIOE 163L | Ecology of Reefs, Mangroves, and Seagrasses Laboratory | 2 |
| BIOE 183W | Undergraduate Research in EEB--Writing | 2 |
Note: Lab courses may have associated prerequisite or corequisite lecture courses.
Comprehensive courses offered by Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology
Comprehensive courses offered in other departments
Planners
The tables below are for informational purposes and do not reflect all university, general education, and credit requirements. See Undergraduate Graduation Requirements for more information.
In addition to the specific courses shown in these planners, a student must complete courses satisfying the MF, TA, IM, PE, PR, CC, ER and C campus general education requirements.
Sample Frosh Planner
| Year |
Fall |
Winter |
Spring |
Summer |
| Entering |
|
|
|
College 1A |
| |
|
|
Summer Edge (optional) |
| |
|
|
|
| 1st (frosh) |
BIOE 20C |
CHEM 3A |
CHEM 3B & CHEM 3BL |
|
| College 1 |
WRIT 1/WRIT 1E (if needed) |
STAT 5 or STAT 7 & STAT 7L |
|
| |
|
|
|
| 2nd (soph) |
BIOL 20A |
BIOE 20B |
BIOL 105 |
|
| WRIT 2** |
PHYS 1A or PHYS 1B or PHYS 6A |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| 3rd (junior) |
BIOE 109 |
BIOE 107 |
Anatomy/Physiology |
|
| Biology elective* |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| 4th (senior) |
Biology elective* |
Biology elective* |
Biology elective* |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
*Electives must be chosen to satisfy the Disciplinary Communication and Comprehensive requirements.
** WRIT 2 should be taken in or before spring quarter of the second year.
Additional Frosh sample planners may be found on the EEB website.
Sample Transfer Planner
| |
Fall |
Winter |
Spring |
Summer |
| Entering |
|
|
|
KRSG 1T |
| |
|
|
Summer Edge (optional) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3rd (junior) |
BIOL 105 |
BIOE 107 |
Anatomy/Physiology |
|
| |
BIOE 109 |
STAT 5 or STAT 7 & STAT 7L |
|
| |
|
|
|
| 4th (senior) |
Biology elective* |
Biology elective* |
Biology elective* |
|
| Biology elective* |
PHYS 1A or PHYS 1B or PHYS 6A |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
*Electives must be chosen to satisfy the Disciplinary Communication and Comprehensive requirements.
Transfer student sample planner
For information on the general biology minor, see Biology B.S. and Biology Minor.